A Brief Introduction to China
•Situated in East Asia and on the western bank of the Pacific
•Cover 9.6 million square kilometers
•Span 5500 km from north to south
and 5200 km from east to west
•The continental border is about 22 000km
and the costal border is 18 000 km
•Population:
1 395 380 000 (July 2018),20%
of
the
world
population
•
population density per square kilometer :137 persons
•Difference
between the male and female: 31 640 000
•permanent
rural resident population : 564 010 000
•World's
third-largest country by size, after Russia, and Canada.
World's largest country by population. Population composition
• permanent
urban resident population: 831 370 000
•Rural
population :
564
010 000
•Illiteracy
population: 54 million , 4.08% 2. Neighboring Countries
•China border on fifteen countries and the continental shelves of eight other countries.
•Korea in east, Mongolia in north, Russia in northeast, Kazakhstan, Kyrghyzstan and Tajikistan innorthwest, Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Nepal and Bhutan in west and southwest, and Laos, Myanmar and Vietnam in south. China is separated from Southern Korea, Philippines, Brunei, Malaysia and Indonesia by sea water in east and southeast.
The
Belt and Road Initiative
The Belt and Road Initiative refers to the Silk Road Economic Belt and 21st Century Maritime Silk Road, a significant development strategy launched by the Chinese government with the intention of promoting economic co-operation among countries along the proposed Belt and Road routes.
The Initiative has been designed to enhance the orderly free-flow of economic factors and the efficient allocation of resources.
It is also intended to further market integration and create a regional economic co-operation framework of benefit to all.
It is also intended to further market integration and create a regional economic co-operation framework of benefit to all.
3. Administrative Division and Cities
•China has 23 provinces (sheng, similar to a state in the United States), 5 autonomous regions (zizhiqu), 4 municipalities and 2 special administrative regions ( Hong Kong and Macao ). Largest Administrative Division: Xin Jiang (autonomous region, northwest of China)—1.66 million km 2
•Smallest Administrative Division: Macau ( the special administrative region )
14
Top Cities With the Largest Population in China by 2018
City
|
Population(
ten thousands)
|
Chongqing
|
2101.79
|
Shanghai
|
2423.78
|
Beijing
|
2154.2
|
Chengdu
|
1633
|
Tianjun
|
1559.60
|
Guangzhou
|
1449.84
|
Shenzhen
|
1302.66
|
Nanyang
|
1198.07
|
Linyi
|
1124.0
|
Shi
Jia Zhuang
|
1095.16
|
Harbin
|
1085.8
|
Suzhou
|
1068.4
|
Baoding
|
1046.92
|
Xian
|
1000.4
|
•The provincial governments as branches of the Central government of China have all the governance powers but foreign policy and military powers.
•All the provincial government manage their provinces according to their own realities. Different provinces can compete and cooperate with one another
4. HISTORY
Yuanmou Man
•In 1965, fossils of Yuanmou Man were discovered in Yuanmou, Yunnan, a province in Southwest China
Lantian Man
•The man’s remains were uncovered in Lantian County of Shaanxi in 1962-1963.
•Lantian man had the basic characteristics of Homo Sapiens, walking upright, making and using simple tools, and knowing how to make fire.
Peking Man
•The man had the basic characteristics of Homo Sapiens, walking upright, making and using simple tools, and knowing how to make fire.
4.2 Ruling of China
Ancient China was governed by a ruling class of warrior nobles headed by a king or an emperor.
Ruling families were referred to as dynasties.
The Shang Dynasty (1766 BC) was the first verifiable dynasty and ruled China for 600 years.
The Shang dynasty was overthrown by Zhou family who established a dynasty and introduced the idea of the Mandate of Heaven.
The Qin dynasty was founded by Qin Shihuang and the first dynasty that established China into a united country of China and that contributed very greatly to the development of China in Ancient times( abolishing the territory distribution system by blood lineage of the Western Zhou Dynasty , establishing the county-prefecture system, standardizing Chinese characters and length and weight measurements); The Great Wall begin its construction.
An ancient
expressway
in
the
Qin Dynasty
•The ancient expressway was located in the City of Erdos of Inner Mongolia and the county of Sunyi of Shaanx, and constructed in 212 B.C.. THE expressway run from the County of Chunhua through the Counties of Sunyi, Huangling, Fuxian, Ganquan, Zidan, Ansai and Yulin City In Shaanxi and the Ejin Horo banner , Dongsheng, and Dalad banner to Baotou city in Inner Mongolia. •It was about 750 km long.
The Han dynasty(202 B.C. －220 A.D.)centralized the Chinese government and established a bureaucracy , which included eighteen different ranks of civil service jobs that civilians could obtain by taking competitive examinations.
The Sui Dynasty , 581—618, a canal traveling eight provinces constructed.
The Tang Dynasty(618-907 A.D.), founded by Li Family, was most prosperous dynasty completely open to the world.
The Song Dynasty (906-1279 A.D.), a dynasty with strong economy and highly developed culture and weak military power. The Yuan Dynasty(1271-1368 A.D.) , founded by a Mongolia emperor , lasting a short time and possessing a strong military power.
The Ming Dynasty (1368-1644 A.D.), founded by a peasant farmer Zhu Yuanzhang , a closed dynasty.
The Qing Dynasty (1636-1911 A.D.)was the last feudal dynasty and overthrown by the Chinese Nationalists in 1911 ; founded by an ethnic people of Nomadic Manchu.
In 1911-1949 , the Republic of China was established
1949- The Republic of China was forced to move to the island of Taiwan
1949 –The People’s Republic of China takes power.
To be Continue,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
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