Reforms in diferent Catogories


2. Propose that science and technology are the primary productive forces

•On March 13, 1985, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China made the "Decision on the Reform of the Science and Technology System."
•The "Decision" pointed out that modern science and technology is the most active and decisive factor in the new social productive forces. The whole party must attach great importance to and give full play to the enormous role of science and technology.At the same time, it stipulates the main tasks of the current scientific and technological system reform.
•On September 5, 1988, when Deng Xiaoping met with Czechoslovakian President Husak, he put forward the argument that "science and technology are the primary productive forces."

(4) Establishing the reform goal of the socialist market economic system
(1992-2003)

•In October 1992, the 14th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, Jiang Zemin, made a report on "Accelerating the pace of reform, opening up, and modernization, and winning greater victory in the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics."

•Decided to seize opportunities and accelerate development.
•The goal of determining China's economic system reform is to establish a socialist market economic system.
•It is proposed to arm the entire party with Comrade Deng Xiaoping's theory of building socialism with Chinese characteristics.
•The General Assembly adopted the "Articles of Association of the Communist Party of China (Amendment)" to write the theory of building socialism with Chinese characteristics and the party's basic line into the party constitution.
•For the first time in the history of the Party, the target model for establishing a socialist market economic system was clearly put forward.


1. Macro management system reform


•The system of reforming the fiscal, taxation, finance, foreign exchange, planning, and investment and financing systems has established a new fiscal system framework with a tax-sharing system as the core and a turnover tax system based on value-added tax. The central bank's regulatory functions have been strengthened.
•On December 15, 1993, the State Council made a decision on implementing a fiscal management system for tax sharing.
•On December 25, 1993, the State Council made the "Decision on Financial System Reform."
• Comprehensive reform of the foreign trade system.On January 11, 1994, the State Council made the "Decision on Further Deepening the Reform of Foreign Trade System", proposing that the objectives of China's foreign trade system reform are: unified policy, open operation, equal competition, self-financing, integration of industry and trade, and implementation of agency system. Establish an operational mechanism that adapts to the rules of international economic regulation.
•Significant progress has been made in the reform of the foreign exchange management system.On December 1, 1996, China began accepting Article 8 of the International Monetary Fund Agreement and implementing convertibility under the RMB current account.

2. Market system reform


•In November 1993, the Third Session of the 14th Party of the Party passed the "Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Several Issues Concerning the Establishment of a Socialist Market Economic System."
•The Plenary Session pointed out that the socialist market economic system is integrated with the basic socialist system.
•The dual-track system of production materials prices was abolished, and the prices of competitive goods and services were further liberalized, and the factor market was gradually formed.


3. Ownership reform

•It is clear that the non-public economy is an important part of the socialist market economy.
•In 1997, the "15th National Congress" report first proposed that "non-public ownership economy is an important part of the socialist market economy."
•In March 1999, the Second Session of the Ninth National People's Congress passed the amendment of the Constitution of the People's Republic of China, clarifying that the non-public economy is an important part of China's socialist market economy.

4. Social security system reform

•Gradually establish a system of pension and medical insurance that combines social pooling and individual accounts, and establishes unemployment insurance, social relief system and minimum living security system for urban residents.
•In September 1992, according to the opinion of the State Council, the Ministry of Health proposed that hospitals should “work for medical assistance” and “reserve the supplement”.
•In March 2000, the General Office of the State Council forwarded the “Guiding Opinions on the Reform of Urban Medicine and Health System” of eight ministries and commissions, commonly known as the “fourteen articles” of medical reform.
•In May 2001, the General Office of the State Council forwarded the “Guiding Opinions on the Reform of Rural Medicine and Health System” of the four ministries.

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