China's 40 years of reform and opening up and experience

China's 40 years of reform and opening up and experience

Shaanxi Provincial Party School (Shaanxi Administration College)

Hu Jinrong

outline

•I. The course of China’s 40 years of reform and opening up
•II. China's achievements in 40 years of reform and opening up
•III.China's 40 years of experience in reform and opening up

I. The course of China’s 40 years of reform and opening up

background:

•In May 1978, Guangming Daily published a special commentator's article on "Practice is the sole criterion for testing truth."
•In November 1978, Xiaogang Village, Fengyang County, Anhui Province implemented the household contract responsibility system (large-scale contract) of “dividing the land to the household and paying the profits and losses”.
•On December 18, 1978, the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Party was held, and a major decision was made to implement reform and opening up.

(1) Mainly planned economy and supplemented by market regulation (1979-1982)

•The Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Party:
•We will shift the focus of the work of the party and the state to economic construction and implement the great decision of reform and opening up.
•The meeting actually formed the leadership of the Party Central Committee with Deng Xiaoping as the core.
•The adjustment, reform, and openness of the line and principles and policies were established, and the process of rural reform was initiated.

Reform and opening up

•Reform:
•Rural: household contract responsibility system.
•On January 1, 1982, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China approved the "National Rural Work Conference Minutes", pointing out various responsibility systems implemented in rural areas, including small-scale contract work, standard compensation, professional contracted joint production, joint production, and production. Groups, etc., are the production responsibility system of the socialist collective economy;
•In 1983, the Central Committee issued a document stating that the contracted production system is a great creation of Chinese peasants under the leadership of the party and a new development in the practice of Marxist agricultural cooperation in China.
•Enterprises: Various forms of state-owned enterprises to expand their autonomy pilot, the collective economy and individual economy gradually recover and develop.

Macro Management System Reform: Macro Indirect Management

•The fiscal and taxation system: the implementation of the two-step "profit-to-tax reform", and gradually promote the fiscal system reform of "dividing income and expenditure, grading and contracting".
•Circulation system: Abolish the unified purchase and marketing system of agricultural and sideline products, and gradually cultivate the agricultural product market.
•Reforms in the fields of politics, science and technology, education, and culture have also begun.

Opening up

•In 1980, it was decided to set up four special economic zones in Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Shantou and Xiamen.In 1984, a number of economic open areas were opened up.
•In 1984, 14 coastal cities were opened: Dalian, Qinhuangdao, Tianjin, Yantai, Qingdao, Lianyungang, Nantong, Shanghai, Ningbo, Wenzhou, Fuzhou, Guangzhou, Zhanjiang and Beihai.
•The Yangtze River Delta, the Pearl River Delta and the Weinan-Xiamengquan Triangle Area, as well as the Liaodong Peninsula and Jiaodong Peninsula were opened up as coastal economic open areas.
•The successful experience of special economic zones has rapidly spread to a wider extent.

In May 1980, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council decided to rename the four export zones of Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Shantou and Xiamen into special economic zones.

(2) Planned commodity economy (1983-1986)

•Propose a planned commodity economy
•On October 20, 1984, the Third Plenary Session of the 12th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China adopted the "Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Economic System Reform", clearly stating:
•We will further implement the policy of invigorating the economy and opening up to the outside world, and accelerate the pace of reform of the entire economic system with a focus on cities.
•The basic task of the reform is to establish a socialist economic system with Chinese characteristics, full of vitality and vitality, and promote the development of social productive forces.

2. The reform of the ownership system for all people

•On December 5, 1986, the State Council issued "Several Provisions on Deepening Enterprise Reform and Strengthening Enterprise Vitality."
•The "Provisions" propose that small enterprises owned by the whole people can actively try leasing and contracting operations.
•Large and medium-sized enterprises under the ownership of the whole people must implement various forms of business responsibility system.
•All localities can choose a small number of qualified large- and medium-sized enterprises under the ownership of the whole country to carry out joint-stock pilot projects.
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3. State-regulated market and market-oriented enterprises (1987-1992)

•1. Put forward the basic route of "one center, two basic points"
•In October 1987, the 13th National Congress put forward the theory of the primary stage of socialism and put forward the basic line of the party's "one center, two basic points" in the primary stage of socialism:
•Focusing on economic construction, the four basic principles are the foundation of the country, and reform and opening up is the road to strengthening the country.
•The development strategy of three steps and modernization by the middle of the next century was formulated, and the task of political system reform was put forward.